The Annals of Cardiothoracic Surgery offers electronic publications of accepted papers prior to
print publications. Articles appearing in this section have been peer-reviewed and accepted by the Guest
Editors and the Editors-in-Chief, but may still undergo copyediting and minor revisions prior to print
publication. These articles can be cited using the date of access and the unique DOI number provided in lieu
of the volume, issue and page numbers.
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