Reimplantation of the aortic valve in patients with tricuspid aortic valve: the Toronto General Hospital experience

Background: Aortic valve sparing operations were introduced three decades ago but controversy remains regarding its appropriateness, reproducibility and durability. This article describes the long-term outcomes of patients who had reimplantation of the aortic valve.
Methods: All patients who had reimplantation of a tricuspid aortic valve at Toronto General Hospital from 1989 through 2019 were selected for this study. Patients were followed prospectively with periodical clinical assessments and imaging of the heart and aorta.
Results: Four hundred and four patients were identified. The median age was 48.0 [interquartile range (IQR), 35.0–59.0] years and 310 (76.7%) were men. There were 150 patients with Marfan syndrome,
20 with Loeys-Dietz syndrome and 33 with acute or chronic aortic dissections. The median follow-up was 11.7 (IQR, 6.8–17.1) years. There were 55 patients alive and without reoperation at 20 years. The cumulative mortality at 20 years was 26.7% [95% confidence interval (CI): 20.6–34.2%], the cumulative incidence of reoperation on the aortic valve was 7.0% (95% CI: 4.0–12.2%) and the development of moderate or severe aortic insufficiency was 11.8% (95% CI: 8.5–16.5%). We could not identify variables associated with reoperation on the aortic valve or with the development of aortic insufficiency. New distal aortic dissections were common in patients with associated genetic syndromes.
Conclusions: Reimplantation of the aortic valve in patients with tricuspid aortic valve provides excellent aortic valve function during the first two decades of follow-up. Distal aortic dissections are relatively common in patients with associated genetic syndromes.